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Roger L. Crumley, MD, MBA

Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2003;5:9-15.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

The history of plastic surgery of the facial region is rich and varied. A wide array of specialties and disciplines have contributed to this history. In some instances an individual practitioner was able to advance his or her specific interest and/or expertise. Others made their contributions by describing what prior surgeons had done and adding their own innovations. Certainly wars contributed substantially to advancement and refinement of the craft, particularly World War I with its trench warfare and manifold maxillofacial injuries.

Much of this complex history comes from Europe, with contributions and advances from dentists, otolaryngologists, and general surgeons. Prior to World War I there was no specific plastic surgery specialty. For example, Sir Harold Gillies, an otolaryngologist, learned many dental skills and techniques from Charles Auguste Valadier, a rogue French practitioner of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. (Valadier is said to have treated most of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

EARLY US AND EUROPEAN SURGEONS

US-EUROPEAN INTERACTION

JACQUES JOSEPH

THE FLAP OF (OR OVER) CAPTAIN J. L. AYMARD

From the Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine.