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Mikamo's Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty and the Westernization of Japan
Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2002;4:201-202.
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| Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings. |
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THE SECOND half of the 19th century was a period of profound change
for Japan on every major front: societal, cultural, political, and military.
After 250 years of Tokugawa sovereign rule, the isolated feudal Japan that
was dominated by the system of shogun and samurai gave way to the modern era
that would become steeped in Western culture. During this protracted period
of Tokugawa rule, no foreigner was permitted entry into the cloistered environs
of Japan; and sailors who found themselves washed ashore were forced to remain
to preclude disclosure of Japanese secrets. The revolution began in 1853,
when US Commodore Matthew C. Perry ventured to the shores of the Japanese
archipelago with his ominous colonial fleets to impart western values and
to compel his Japanese brethren to engage in foreign commerce. The dismantling
of the traditional Japanese system evolved over a 20-year period as political
unrest in response to . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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