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Precautions and Pitfalls

M. Reza Vagefi, MD; Chun Cheng Lin, MD; John D. McCann, MD, PhD; Richard L. Anderson, MD

Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008;10(4):246-249.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

Oculoplastic surgeons are fortunate that most of the operative procedures can be performed with local anesthesia. With the exception of orbital or endoscopic brow procedures, the ability to operate on or around the eyelids for functional or aesthetic reasons is usually limited only by the patient's age, significant medical problems, and/or ability to tolerate a more conscious state during surgery. For many of these procedures, the patient's anesthetic needs are low, and surgery can be performed in an office setting using local anesthesia in conjunction with an oral anxiolytic and analgesic.

Regardless of the surgical setting, local anesthesia is desirable for intraoperative and postoperative pain control. When local anesthetic is mixed with epinephrine, bleeding control and longer anesthetic effect is provided. Administration of local anesthesia prior to commencing the operation should be performed . . . [Full Text of this Article]

ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS AND PREPARATIONS


ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION

AUTHOR INFORMATION