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Maximizing Safety and Results

Jeffrey H. Spiegel, MD

Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2005;7:198-202.

Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for treatment of facial rhytids, often in an "off-label" fashion. Important mechanisms of action and safety concerns for such treatments are presented along with recommendations for treatment of periorbital rhytids.

Author Affiliations: Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.