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Anatomical Guides to Precisely Localize the Frontal Branch of the Facial Nerve
Paul Sabini, MD;
Ivan Wayne, MD;
Vito C. Quatela, MD
Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2003;5:150-152.
Objective To define the relationship between the frontal branch of the facial nerve and a series of blood vessels that are encountered during endoscopic forehead procedures.
Design Anatomical study using 6 fresh cadavers (12 sides).
Results In 11 of 12 dissected specimens, the blood vessels in the temporal region were found to lie within 2 mm of the frontal branch of the facial nerve.
Conclusions We believe that a series of veins encountered during endoscopic forehead procedures provide the surgeon with the ability to identify the precise location of the frontal branch of the facial nerve. During endoscopic surgery, these vessels are found in a plane between the deep temporal fascia (below) and the superficial temporal fascia (above). We believe that these vessels can be thought of as arrows pointing superiorly to a frontal branch of the facial nerve as it courses through the superficial temporal fascia.
From the Division of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester (Drs Sabini, Wayne, and Quatela), and the Lindsay House Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Sabini and Quatela), Rochester, NY. Dr Wayne is now with the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
Forehead-lift: A 10-Year Review
Patrocinio and Patrocinio
Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008;10:391-394.
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